Married women's response to spousal pornography use: A grounded theory.

Empirical research suggests that married women may more commonly experience spousal pornography use as a relational attachment threat and are more likely to experience negative relational outcomes such as distress and loss of trust. The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory of married women's response to the discovery or disclosure of spousal pornography use. This study included the experiences of 30 married women who reported spousal pornography use as a threat to relational attachment, who chose to remain with their spouse, and who reported evidence of individual and relational healing thereafter. The research question, "How do married women describe the experience of learning of their spouse's pornography use and the individual and relationship sequelae that follow?" was explored using grounded theory methods to analyze deidentified blogpost accounts emphasizing response to a spouse's pornography use. The results describe a process model highlighting three interrelated informant categories-emotional response, mental response, and physical response-and one resultant category-behavioral response. Implications include (a) the importance of open communication regarding pornography use within relationships, (b) the necessity for individual and relational healing following betrayal trauma, and (c) the role of therapeutic intervention in shaping adaptive healing processes.

Does Early Parental Conflict Impact Current Depression Among Older Adults in Rural China? A Chain-Mediated Model Analysis.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the relationships between early parental conflict, marital and parent-child relationships, and current depression among rural older adults, and to examine its gender differences. Methods: Using data obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2018, we selected 2347 adults aged 60 years and older in rural China and used a structural equation model to evaluate the mechanisms behind early parental conflict and current depression among such adults. Results: Early parental conflict impacted current depression among rural older adults, and marital and parent-child relationships played mediating roles in the mechanism. However, there were gender differences in the paths: early parental conflict directly impacted older males' depression, but not among females; marital relationships acted as a mediator between early parental conflict and current depression among older females, but not among males. Conclusion: Among older adults in rural China, early parental conflict can affect current depression through the indirect path of marital relationships as well as the chain mediating path between marital and parent-child relationships.

Narcissism in Romantic Relationships: Using Communal Activation to Promote Relationship Enhancing Attitudes.

Background: People with elevated vulnerable narcissism (VN) or grandiose narcissism (GN) trait levels tend to experience greater difficulties in their romantic relationships than their counterparts with lower levels of VN or GN. Although there are no evidence-based approaches to alter the interpersonal behavior of persons with VN or GN traits, experimental research shows that it is possible to produce relationship-enhancing attitudes in people with GN traits through communal activation (CA). Objective: We examined whether a CA manipulation in the context of relationship education improves attitudes that promote romantic relationship health, and whether VN and GN would moderate these associations. Method: Participants (Nwomen =148, Nmen = 71) watched psychoeducational videos on relationships and were randomly assigned to either answer questions about the videos' content (control group) or to complete CA exercises (experimental group) in addition to questionnaires to measure empathy, criticism, commitment, desire for closeness, and communication (positive interaction, demand/withdraw communication, criticize/defend communication) before and after the experimental manipulation. Results: There was a main effect of condition, such that, relative to the control group, fewer improvements in perceived demand/withdraw communication were observed in the experimental condition. VN, but not GN, moderated the link between condition and commitment, demand/withdraw and criticize/defend communication, such that elevated VN levels predicted the most improvement in commitment, demand/withdraw and criticize/defend communication in the experimental condition. Discussion: We conclude with recommendations to adopt ego-enhancing reinforcement for communal behaviors with clients who endorse GN traits and considering less personally relevant CA exercises with clients who endorse VN traits.

Psychological distress in infertile women: the role of quality of marital relationships and self-compassion.

Infertility is a common disease. At least 10-15% of women deal with infertility in some way. Infertile women suffer from a higher degree of psychological distress compared to fertile women. This study aims to identify the role of the quality of marital relationships and self-compassion in psychological distress in infertile women. The participants were 400 women who were referred to fertility clinics in Iran over a two-year period. Questionnaires containing Demographic Questionnaire, Psychological Distress Scale (DASS), Marital Quality Scale (MQS) and Self-Compassion Scale (MCS). The results showed that predictor variables explain a total of 29.9% of the variance of psychological distress in infertile women. The quality of marital relationships (p = 0.001 and ß = -0.49) and self-compassion (p < 0.05 and ß = -0.08) can negatively predict the psychological distress of infertile women. Considering that the significant role of the quality of marital relationships and self-compassion in the psychological distress of infertile women has been confirmed; therefore, interventions that focus on the quality of marital relationships and self-compassion may be effective and should be used as a resource to combat psychological distress in infertile women.

Role of Marital Relationship Quality in Emotional Disturbance and Personal Growth of Women with Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a stressful condition that can lead to either emotional disturbance or personal growth. Marital relationship is one of the factors affecting the consequences of infertility. This study aimed to explore the role of marital relationship quality in development of women's personal growth after experiencing infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 122 infertile women (mean age 28.79 ± 6.3) were invited to complete the survey, including ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, Posttraumatic Growth, Fertility problem inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Inventory Depression. RESULTS: Higher scores of quality of marital relationships were a protective factor against infertility stress and state/ trait anxiety. Additionally, infertility stress was a strong negative predictor of personal growth. Furthermore, infertile women with a high level of marital relationships may have more chances to experience personal growth rather than stress in infertility treatments. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that high quality of marital relationships may provide positive opportunities for women's personal growth after experiencing infertility.

[Association of marital relationships with obstetrical history and physical and psychosocial factors of pregnant women in urban areas: A cross-sectional analysis from the perspective of adaptation to pregnancy].

Objectives　This study aimed to determine the association of marital relationships with pregnant women's obstetrical history, physical and psychosocial factors, and characteristics of women and husbands from the perspective of adaptation to pregnancy. Moreover, it sought to offer suggestions regarding support for couples during pregnancy in urban areas.Methods　We distributed self-reported questionnaires to pregnant women who participated in antenatal classes, organized by Public Interest Incorporated Foundation A, in four designated cities in the Kansai region of Japan. We investigated women's obstetrical history, physical and psychosocial factors, and characteristics of women and husbands using the Japanese Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (Relationship with Husband) (J-PSEQ). Of the 778 women, 413 (53.1%) responded. After applying the exclusion criteria, 388 participants were eligible for analysis (valid response rate: 93.9%). Based on their J-PSEQ scores, participants were divided into two groups: poor marital relationship and normal or good marital relationship. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors related to the quality of marital relationships from the perspective of adaptation to pregnancy.Results　Based on the J-PSEQ scores, 93 (24.0%) participants were categorized into the poor marital relationship group, and 295 (76.0%) were categorized into the normal or good marital relationship group. For the poor marital relationship group, the logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (confidence intervals) for "pregnancy after infertility treatment," "easily angered and irritated," and "husband's health: somewhat poor" were 2.54 (1.38-4.66), 3.55 (1.86-6.78), and 3.54 (1.06-11.87), respectively. Women who described household finances, husbands' working conditions, and lack of support to be the most stressful factors were more likely to have poor marital relationships. The factors associated with normal or good marital relationships included women experiencing physical discomfort, women not engaging in Satogaeri Shussan (staying at women's parents' homes before and after birth), husbands taking paternity leave after childbirth, and husbands having good health.Conclusions　This study revealed that the factors associated with poor marital relationships in terms of adaptation to pregnancy were pregnancy after infertility treatment, anger and irritation in women, and poor health of husbands. Healthcare professionals may need to focus more closely on supporting such couples in urban areas during pregnancy.

Stressed and distressed: how is the COVID-19 pandemic associated with sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction?

BACKGROUND: The Canadian government's response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic included the implementation of several restrictive measures since March 2020. These actions sought to decrease social contact and increase physical distancing, including that within universities. Such constraints were required to impede the transmission of the virus; however, concerns remain about their impact on the sexual and intimate relationships of university employees and students. AIM: This study examined the associations between COVID-19-related stress and sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction, also testing the mediating role of psychological distress. METHODS: The models were tested with Canadian data collected from university employees and students in 2 phases: the first wave in April-May 2020 (T1; n = 2754) and the second wave in November-December 2021 (T2; n = 1430), 18 months afterward. Participants completed self-report questionnaires online. Path analyses were performed to test the associations of the mediation models. OUTCOMES: The principal outcomes included psychological distress determined via the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, relationship satisfaction measured via the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and sexual satisfaction and sexual frequency ascertained through a single item each. RESULTS: Overall, COVID-19-related stress was associated with higher psychological distress, which in turn was related to lower sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. Similar results were obtained with T1 and T2 data, indicating the mediating effect of psychological distress. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings increase scholarly comprehension of the negative associations between stress/distress and sexual and romantic relationships. Sexuality and close relationships are vital to the quality of human life; thus, targeted interventions should be developed to reduce COVID-19-related stress and its impact on sexual and romantic relationships to mitigate the long-term influences of this unique global challenge. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first to use a large sample size and replicate findings in 2 waves. Nonetheless, it is limited by the use of cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies with the same participants are mandated to better understand the evolution of these outcomes. CONCLUSION: COVID-19-related stress and psychological distress were found among participating university students and employees and were associated with lower sexual satisfaction, sexual frequency, and intimate relationship satisfaction. These results were observed at the early onset of the pandemic and 18 months afterward, suggesting that the stress generated by the pandemic were not mere reactions to the onset of the pandemic but persisted over time.

Social anhedonia, communication, and marital satisfaction in newlywed couples.

OBJECTIVE: Social anhedonia is associated with disinterest in social interactions and poor relationship functioning, yet little is known about the specific mechanisms underlying associations between social anhedonia and romantic relationship behaviors and satisfaction. We examined the links between social anhedonia, perceptions of conflict communication patterns, and marital satisfaction. METHOD: The current research examined the role of social anhedonia on marital quality and functioning longitudinally across a year in a sample of 100 newlywed couples using an actor-partner interdependence framework. RESULTS: Social anhedonia was negatively associated with own and partner's marital satisfaction. It was also negatively associated with constructive communication and positively associated with destructive communication. Furthermore, cross-sectional mediation analyses showed that communication patterns mediated the social anhedonia-satisfaction link. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings suggest that social anhedonia is likely to lead to lower marital satisfaction, partly through its effect on communication between partners.

Entre altos e baixos: momentos significativos vivenciados por casais longevos / Between ups and downs: significant moments experienced by long-lived couples / Entre alto y bajo: momentos significativos vividos por parejas longevas

Na convivência de longa duração, os momentos considerados significativos pelos casais são importantes referências para se entender a satisfação com os modos de se relacionar a dois. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como casais engajados em relacionamentos de longa duração percebem os "melhores" e "piores" momentos vivenciados na conjugalidade. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com 25 casais heterossexuais, que estavam juntos, em média, há 39,5 anos. As entrevistas transcritas foram submetidas à análise temático-reflexiva. A experiência da parentalidade e a convivência familiar foram identificadas como os melhores momentos e, como piores experiências, o enfrentamento do adoecimento ou morte de um membro familiar e dificuldades financeiras. Conclui-se que, para os casais entrevistados, convivência familiar e cuidados parentais são percebidos como determinantes da satisfação conjugal. As relações conjugais são classificadas de forma dicotômica, como boas ou ruins, a partir de fatos pontuais que eliciam satisfação ou insatisfação com o relacionamento, sem considerar que o vínculo amoroso é dinâmico e, portanto, sensível a melhores e piores momentos

Long-term relationships can be shaped by moments considered remarkable. Such experiences are an important reference to understand the satisfaction with the ways to build marital bonds. The aim of this study was to understand how couples engaged in long-term relationships perceive the "best" and "worst" moments experienced in conjugality. Twenty fi ve heterosexual couples, united for 39.5 years on average, were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic-reflective analysis. The experience of parenting and family life were identifi ed as the best moments and, as worst experiences, facing the illness or death of a family member and fi nancial difficulties. It is concluded that, for the couples interviewed, family life and parental care are perceived as determinants of marital satisfaction. Marital relationships tend to be classifi ed dichotomously, as good or bad, based on punctual facts that elicit satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the relationship, without considering that the romantic bond is dynamic and therefore sensitive to better and worse moments

En la conyugalidad a largo plazo, los momentos considerados notables por las parejas son referentes importantes para comprender la satisfacción con las formas de relacionarse con dos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo las parejas que mantienen relaciones a largo plazo perciben los "mejores" y los "peores" momentos vividos en la conyugalidad. Se entrevistó a 25 parejas heterosexuales, en promedio, durante 39,5 años. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron sometidas a análisis temático-reflexivo. La experiencia de la crianza y la vida familiar se identifi caron como los mejores momentos y, como peores experiencias, el afrontamiento de la enfermedad o muerte de un familiar y las dificultades económicas. Se concluye que, para las parejas entrevistadas, la vida familiar y el cuidado parental son percibidos como determinantes de la satisfacción conyugal. Las relaciones maritales se clasifican dicotómicamente, en buenas o malas, en base a hechos puntuales que provocan satisfacción o insatisfacción con la relación, sin considerar que el vínculo amoroso es dinámico y, por tanto, sensible a mejores y peores momentos

Estudo psicanalítico do filme "divórcio: até que o amor exploda" / Psychoanalytic study of the brazilian film "divórcio: até que o amor exploda" / Estudio psicoanalítico de la película brasileña "divórcio: até que o amor exploda"

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a idealização imaginativa do vínculo conjugal que motiva o casamento, mas compromete sua continuidade e o provimento de cuidado aos filhos. O estudo se articulou metodologicamente por meio da abordagem do filme brasileiro "Divórcio: até que o amor exploda", de Pedro Amorim, que permite uma clara apreciação psicanalítica da configuração vincular entre cônjuges, sustentando a produção interpretativa de três campos de sentido afetivo-emocional ou inconscientes relativos ao enredo: "Até que a morte nos separe", "Era vidro e se quebrou" e "Usando os filhos". Deixando claramente demonstrada a imaturidade da idealização, esse estudo aponta para a importância de debate sobre novas formas de associação entre conjugalidade e parentalidade.

ABSTRACT The study discussed the imaginative idealization of conjugal bond which motivates marriage but compromises its continuity, as well as the provision of care to the children. The study was methodologically articulated on the approach of the Brazilian movie "Divórcio: até que o amor exploda", directed by Pedro Amorim. The movie allows a clear psychoanalytical appreciation of the connection configuration between spouses, supporting the interpretative production of three affective-emotional meaning fields or unconscious related to the plot: "Until death do us part", "It was glass and it broke" and "Using children". By clearly demonstrating the immaturity of idealization, this study points to the importance of debating on new forms of association between conjugality and parenting.

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la idealización imaginativa del vínculo conyugal que motiva el matrimonio, pero compromete su continuidad y la provisión de cuidados a los hijos. Se articuló metodológicamente en el abordaje de la película brasileña "Divórcio: até que o amor exploda", dirigida por Pedro Amorim, que permite una clara apreciación psicoanalítica de la configuración de vinculación entre conyuges, apoyando la producción interpretativa de tres campos del sentido afectivo-emocional, o inconscientes relacionados con la trama: "Hasta que la muerte nos separe", "Era vidrio y se rompió" y "Usando los hijos". Dejando claramente demostrada la inmadurez de la idealización, este estudio apunta a la importancia del debate sobre nuevas formas de asociación entre conyugalidad y parentalidad.

Relações entre a saúde mental e a conjugalidade de gestantes primíparas / Relationship between mental health and conjugality of primiparous pregnant / Relación entre salud mental y la conyugalidad de embarazadas primíparas

Este estudo avaliou as relações entre variáveis sociodemográficas, saúde mental da mulher e conjugalidade durante a gestação. Participaram desta pesquisa correlacional 50 mulheres primíparas, que coabitavam com o genitor do bebê e que estavam no segundo ou terceiro trimestre de gestação do primeiro filho. Os sintomas de transtornos mentais comuns foram avaliados pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e os sintomas depressivos pelo Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI-I). A conjugalidade foi avaliada com a Escala de Ajustamento Diádico. Os resultados de testes de correlação e de comparação de grupos mostraram que a presença de sintomas de transtornos mentais comuns e de depressão esteve associada a menor nível de ajustamento diádico. Discute-se a importância de identificar problemas na saúde mental da mulher e no ajustamento diádico durante a gestação, para favorecer o bem-estar da tríade mãe-pai-bebê na transição para a parentalidade.

This study evaluated the relation between sociodemographic variables and women's mental health and conjugality during pregnancy. Participated in this correlational research 50 primiparous women, who cohabited with the baby's father and were in the second or third trimester of their first child pregnancy. The symptoms of common mental disorders were evaluated by the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the depressive symptoms by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). Conjugality was evaluated with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results from correlations and group comparison tests showed that the presence of depressive symptoms and symptoms of common mental disorders were associated with lower levels of dyadic adjustment. The importance of identifying problems in women's mental health and dyadic adjustment during pregnancy is discussed in order to promote the well-being of the mother-father-baby triad at the transition to parenthood.

Este estudio evaluó las relaciones entre variables sociodemográficas, salud mental y conyugalidad de mujeres durante el embarazo. Participaron en este investigación correlacional 50 mujeres primíparas, viviendo con los padres del los bebés y estando en el segundo o tercer trimestre de embarazo del primer hijo. Los síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes fueron evaluados por el Cuestionario de Autoinforme (SRQ-20) y los síntomas de depresión por el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (IDB-I). La conyugalidad fue evaluada por la Escala de Ajuste Diádico. Los resultados de los testes de correlación y comparación de grupos muestraron que la presencia de síntomas depressivos y de trastornos mentales comunes se asoció a un menor nivel de ajuste diádico. Se discute la importancia de identificar problemas en la salud mental de las mujeres y en el ajuste diádico durante el embarazo para favorecer la tríada madre-padre-bebé en la transición para la parentalidad.

Cynical Hostility and Loneliness in Older Adult Married Couples: An Indirect Effect Through Friendships.

OBJECTIVES: Cynical hostility is a cognitive schema according to which people cannot be trusted, and it has associations with individuals' loneliness. The present study takes a dyadic approach to examine whether cynical hostility is related to one's own and their spouse's loneliness. We further explore whether friendship factors serve as a mediator between individuals' and spouses' cynical hostility and loneliness. METHOD: We used 2 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 1,065 couples) and Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) with mediation to examine the proposed model. Mediation was tested with the construction of path models and significance levels were reached using bootstrapping. RESULTS: For both husbands and wives, cynical hostility was significantly associated with loneliness. Husband's loneliness was also significantly associated with his wife's cynical hostility, but wife's loneliness was not associated with her husband's cynical hostility. We further found that the association between wife's own cynical hostility and loneliness was mediated by lower levels of contact with, and support from friends. Friendship factors did not serve as mediators for husbands. DISCUSSION: Husbands and wives who have higher levels of cynical hostility may be more vulnerable to loneliness. High levels of cynical hostility in women may be related to deficits in their quantity and quality of friendship, and thus be associated with loneliness. Men who are married to women with a higher level of cynical hostility may experience increased loneliness, but this relationship is not explained by men's friendships.

Online Validation of a Battery of Questionnaires for the Assessment of Family Functioning and Related Factors.

BACKGROUND: Family functioning relies on different factors that are related to the individual characteristics of each member, the social context in which the family nucleus is integrated, and the internal and interpersonal family factors. The Short Version of the Family Assessment Measure-III, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support are among the most commonly employed self-report measures for the assessment of family functioning and related factors. Traditionally, these scales have been administered using paper-and-pencil versions. However, with increased access to the Internet, online administration of questionnaires has become more common. The present study aimed to validate an online version of each of the above-mentioned questionnaires in a heterogeneous sample of Italian healthy individuals. METHODS: One-hundred participants were recruited for each questionnaire. A crossover design was used in each validation. The minimum important difference (MID) was applied to evaluate the differences in the variances of the paper-and-pencil and online format scores. A MID >0.5 is a reasonable first approximation of a threshold of important change. Taking into account the cross over design, mean difference between pencil-and-paper and online versions, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were also estimated by mixed models. RESULTS: The MID was <0.5 for all the instruments used. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between the score variances of the paper-and-pencil and online formats of all the questionnaires. Moreover, for each questionnaire the difference between the means of online and paper-and-pencil administrations scores (mean O-P) was calculated. We reported 95% confidence intervals that did not include the 0; therefore, mean (O-P) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings indicate that the online versions of all the questionnaires we administered can be considered reliable tools for the assessment of family functioning and related factors.

Sanctification and Cheating Among Emerging Adults.

Cheating-a general term for extradyadic romantic or sexual behavior that violates expectations in a committed romantic relationship-is common and leads to a number of poor outcomes. Religion has historically influenced conceptions of romantic relationships, but societal attitudes about religion are in flux as many seek to retain spirituality even as affiliations with formal religion decrease. The present study evaluated a potential predictor of cheating that is more spiritual than formally religious, the "psychospiritual" concept of relationship sanctification (i.e., the idea that one's relationship itself is sacred). In a sample of college students in committed relationships (N = 716), we found that higher levels of self-reported relationship sanctification were associated with a lower likelihood of both physical and emotional cheating even when accounting for plausible alternate explanations (general religiosity, problematic alcohol use, and trait self-control). This association was mediated via permissive sexual attitudes; specifically, higher levels of sanctification were associated with less permissive sexual attitudes which, in turn, predicted a lower likelihood of emotional and physical cheating.

The Role of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism in Psychological Perpetrated Abuse Within Couple Relationships: The Mediating Role of Romantic Jealousy.

The aim of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between the two phenotypes of narcissism, vulnerable and grandiose, and the tendency to perpetrate psychological abuse, exploring the mediating role of romantic jealousy. Our sample included 473 participants (213 males), aged 18-30 years (M = 22.74; SD = 2.81), involved in a stable romantic relationship. A structural equation modeling was conducted to test our model and a multigroup analysis was performed to test gender differences. Results show that the two forms of narcissism are both linked to psychological perpetrated abuse, but in different ways. Vulnerable narcissism was linked to psychological abuse only indirectly, through the role of romantic jealousy. On the contrary, grandiose narcissism was positively and directly associated with psychological abuse within the romantic relationship. Moreover, the model was invariant across genders. Limitations, strengths, and theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Influência da chegada do bebê na relação conjugal no contexto de depressão pós-parto: perspectiva materna / Influence of infant's arrival on marital relationship in the context of postpartum depression: mother's perspective

O presente estudo investigou a perspectiva materna sobre a influência da chegada do bebê na relação conjugal, no contexto de depressão pós-parto. Participou deste estudo uma mãe, de 38 anos, cuja família era composta pelo marido, de 33 anos, pela filha, de dois anos e meio e pelo filho, de 10 meses. A análise das entrevistas contemplou quatro conceitos: poder e igualdade, adaptabilidade, coesão e processos comunicativos. Observaram-se dificuldades como desequilíbrio de poder na relação (principalmente no que se refere à divisão de tarefas pelo casal), dificuldades de adaptação do casal às novas demandas, impacto negativo na comunicação e expressão de afetos e sentimentos, além de estratégias disfuncionais de resolução de problemas. Os resultados deste estudo corroboram os achados da literatura, que caracterizam esta transição do ciclo vital como um momento de crise familiar e conjugal, que é agravado pelo contexto de depressão materna.

The present study investigated the mother's perspective about the influence of infant´s arrival on marital relationship in the context of postpartum depression. A mother, 38 years old, whose family consisting of a husband, 33, her two 1/2 year old daughter and the 10-month-son participated in this study. The interview analysis used four concepts: power and equality, adaptability, cohesion and communicative processes was used as the guiding principle of the analysis. Difficulties were observed as an imbalance of power in the relationship (especially regarding the division of tasks by the couple), difficulties of adaptation of the couple to the new demands, negative impact on the communication and expression of affections and feelings, as well as dysfunctional resolution strategies of problems. The results of this study corroborate the findings of the literature, which characterize this life cycle transition as a time of family and marital crisis, which is aggravated by the context of maternal depression.

Fatores relacionados aos casamentos de longa duração: panorama a partir de uma revisão integrativa / Factors related to long-term marriage: overview from an integrating review / Factores relacionados a las bodas de larga duración: panorama a partir de una revisión integrativa

Este estudo teve por objetivo apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca dos casamentos de longa duração. A revisão foi operacionalizada mediante consulta às bases/bibliotecas LILACS, PePSIC, SciELO e PsycINFO, de janeiro de 2009 a junho de 2017, amparada na estratégia PICO. A pergunta norteadora foi: Como os casamentos de longa duração são abordados na literatura científica nacional e internacional? Foram recuperados 22 artigos empíricos, nove deles brasileiros. Os casamentos longevos promovem apreciação na qualidade de vida, conferida pelo elevado nível de satisfação conjugal, repercutindo na saúde física e emocional dos cônjuges. As relações sexuais e o amor são considerados dimensões essenciais para a manutenção do matrimônio e a sua ausência é motivo de conflito conjugal. Os antagonismos tendem a abrandar com o tempo, sendo importante criar estratégias saudáveis de enfrentamento. Além disso, em casais idosos percebe-se uma necessidade acentuada de apoio social, que pode ser proporcionado pelo parceiro ou pela família.

This study aimed to present an integrative review of the literature on long term marriages. The review was operationalized through consultation with LILACS, PePSIC, SciELO and PsycINFO databases, from January 2009 to June 2017, supported by the PICO strategy. The guiding question was: How are long-term marriages addressed in national and international scientific literature? 22 empirical articles were recovered, nine of them Brazilian. Long-term marriages promote appreciation in the quality of life, conferred by the high level of marital satisfaction, affecting the physical and emotional health of the spouses. Sexual relations and love are considered essential dimensions for the maintenance of marriage and their absence is cause for marital conflict. Antagonisms tend to slow down over time, and it is important to create healthy coping strategies. In addition, in elderly couples there is a marked need for social support, which can be provided by the partner or the family.

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo presentar una revisión integrativa de la literatura acerca de los matrimonios de larga duración. La revisión fue elaborada mediante consulta a las bases LILACS, PePSIC, SciELO y PsycINFO, de enero de 2009 a junio de 2017, amparada en la estrategia PICO. La pregunta orientadora fue: ¿Cómo los matrimonios de larga duración se abordan en la literatura científica nacional e internacional? Se recuperaron 22 artículos empíricos, nueve de ellos brasileños. Las bodas longevas promueven la apreciación en la calidad de vida, conferida por el elevado nivel de satisfacción conyugal, repercutiendo en la salud física y emocional de los cónyuges. Las relaciones sexuales y el amor son consideradas dimensiones esenciales para el mantenimiento del matrimonio y su ausencia es motivo de conflito conyugal. Los antagonismos tienden a ralentizarse con el tiempo, siendo importante crear estrategias sanas de enfrentamiento. Además, en parejas ancianas se percibe una necesidad acentuada de apoyo social, que puede ser proporcionado por el cónyuge o por la familia.

Longitudinal Course and Correlates of Parents' Differential Treatment of Siblings in Mexican-Origin Families.

Parents' differential treatment (PDT) is a common family dynamic that has been linked to youth development and well-being, including adjustment problems and poor sibling relationships. Much less is known, however, about the developmental course of PDT and the conditions under which parents treat their children differently in adolescence and young adulthood. This study examined longitudinal changes in mothers' and fathers' differential warmth and conflict with their two offspring from early adolescence through young adulthood and examined parents' experiences of individual stress (depressive symptoms and role overload) and marital difficulties as time-varying correlates of (changes in) PDT. We also tested crossover effects to determine whether mothers' experiences of individual stress and marital difficulties were linked to fathers' differential treatment, and vice versa. Participants were mothers, fathers, and two siblings from 246 Mexican-origin families who were interviewed in their homes on three occasions over 8 years. Multilevel models revealed that mothers' and fathers' differential conflict with their two children increased until middle adolescence and then declined into young adulthood, but there were no changes over time for parents' differential warmth. In general, both mothers' and fathers' levels of differential treatment were exacerbated by their own experiences of individual stress and marital difficulties and also by the experiences of their spouses. However, in some cases, greater stress than usual was linked to less differential treatment than usual.

Narrative collisions, sociocultural pressures and dementia: the relational basis of personhood reconsidered.

The concept of personhood developed by Tom Kitwood highlights that the experience of dementia has relational dimensions that transcend the neurodegenerative impacts of the condition. This relational focus, however, has been narrowly conceptualised, with the impact of broader sociocultural factors on experience underplayed. The empirical exploration of interaction also requires reinforcement: a tendency for dyadic studies to portray findings in an individualised format hinders the interrogation of interpersonal negotiations. This article draws upon qualitative research that employed a joint interview approach, interviewing men with dementia and their spousal carers together. The focus on a dyadic case study from this research enables methodical exploration of the experience of living with dementia. This is realised by considering the socially-framed perspective of each person, and then how their perspectives are interwoven within interactional exchanges. This provides a platform for the evaluation of the current decontextualised notion of personhood and its implications. It is concluded that a sociologically-informed perspective can help to reinforce the academic understanding of personhood.

The Effects of Puerperium Maternal Anxiety, Marital Relationships, and Depression on Late Postpartum Depression

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effects of puerperium maternal anxiety, quality of marital relationship, and postpartum blues on late postpartum depression. METHODS: Participants were 130 postpartum women who delivered healthy babies, and answered self-administered questionnaires, such as Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS-K), Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory, and Quality of Marital Relationships during the 1st week of delivery and 4–6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using t–test, ANOVA, Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, and hierarchical stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The point prevalence of postpartum depression (EPDS-K ≥10, cut-off score) was 23.1% at early postpartum and 16.9% at late postpartum. Predictors of late postpartum depression were early postpartum depression (β=0.86), the difference between early and late postpartum anxiety (β=0.19), and the difference between early and late Quality of Marital Relationships (β=−0.13) (F=70.52, p<0.001). The total vatiance explained was 76.5%. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that a maternal management system should be established at maternity hospitals to screen new mothers' depression and anxiety risks during the early postpartum stage.